{"id":249,"date":"2023-08-10T15:21:15","date_gmt":"2023-08-10T15:21:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pediatricbrainfoundation.org\/archive\/diseases-brain-computer-model-nerve-cells-provides-insights-communication\/"},"modified":"2023-08-10T15:21:15","modified_gmt":"2023-08-10T15:21:15","slug":"diseases-brain-computer-model-nerve-cells-provides-insights-communication","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/pediatricbrainfoundation.org\/archive\/diseases-brain-computer-model-nerve-cells-provides-insights-communication\/","title":{"rendered":"Diseases of the Brain: Computer Model of Nerve Cells Provides Insights into Communication Problems"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Diseases of the Brain: Computer Model of Nerve Cells Provides Insights into Communication Problems<\/h1>\n<\/section><\/div>\n
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\n Thursday, November 13, 2014<\/span>  \u00b7  Posted by DZNE: German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases<\/a> <\/div>\n

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Study shows the interdependency between the structure and function of neurons<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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In diseases of the brain, such as Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s, the neurons fail to communicate correctly with each other. As Bonn-based researchers of the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) now report in the journal \u201cNeuron\u201c, these connectivity problems can be ascribed to alterations in the structure of the nerve cells. For their study, the scientists investigated diseased nerve cells using high precision methods and subsequently simulated their electrical properties on the computer. In their view, medical interventions that preserve the structural integrity of neurons may constitute an innovative strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.<\/p>\n

Nerve cells communicate with each other via intricate projections. In brain diseases such as Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s these extensions atrophy, thereby causing connectivity problems.<\/p>\n

Inside the brain, the nerve cells, which are also called \u201cneurons,\u201d are woven into a network in which they relay signals to one another. Thus, neurons form intricate projections that enable them to transmit electrical stimuli and synchronize their activity. \u201cHowever, in Alzheimer\u2019s, Parkinson\u2019s and in other diseases of the brain, the nerve cells tend to atrophy. This is a typical symptom of neurodegenerative processes,\u201d explains Professor Stefan Remy, who leads a research group at the Bonn site of the DZNE and also works for the Department of Epileptology at the University Hospital Bonn. \u201cIn general, diseased cells have smaller as well as fewer extensions than healthy cells.\u201d<\/p>\n

Troubles in Communication<\/p>\n

It is also known that the signal transmission between neurons is disturbed. The nerve cells are hyper-excitable. As a result, they fire electrical impulses in a succession that could best be described as hectic. \u201cThis activity is somewhat reminiscent of epileptic activity. However, to date it was unclear how changes in cell morphology and abnormal function are related,\u201d remarks Remy. \u201cWe have now found that if the form changes, this has a direct impact on the cell\u2019s electrical properties. It\u2019s just like in an electrical power cord. A thin cord that is also short has different electrical properties than a cord that\u2019s thick and longer. We were able to show that the hyper-excitability can be explained by changes in the structure of the neurons.\u201d<\/p>\n

The neuroscientist emphasizes that this finding does not rule out other factors, such as alterations in cell metabolism. \u201cHowever, our results demonstrate that the dysfunctions and the shape of the neurons are closely connected. Up until now we were not aware of this relationship.\u201d<\/p>\n

Precise Measurements and Computer Simulations<\/p>\n

For their study, the scientists combined experimental research with computer simulations. At first, they examined the electrical activities of individual neurons as well as those of larger cell groups. For this purpose, they studied mice, whose brains exhibited Alzheimer-typical hallmarks. Furthermore, using high-precision microscope techniques, the scientists determined the dimensions of healthy and diseased nerve cells. Based upon this structural data, Remy\u2019s team created a three-dimensional model of a single neuron and computed its electrical properties. In this way the researchers were able to relate cellular dysfunction to changes in cell morphology.<\/p>\n

A General Effect<\/p>\n

\u201cOur study focused on Alzheimer\u2019s. However, alterations in cell morphology are typical for all neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, we assume that the dysfunctions in cellular communication that manifest in other brain diseases are also resulting from structural changes. We think that this is a general effect shared by different diseases.\u201d<\/p>\n

In the opinion of the Bonn-based researcher, these findings cast a new light on pathological hallmarks. On the other hand, they could possibly also help with options for treatment. \u201cOur results indicate that if one protects the structure of nerve cells, one also protects their functions. Pharmaceuticals aiming specifically at safeguarding the shape of neurons could potentially have a positive impact on disease progression. Cell morphology would be a novel approach for therapy,\u201d says Remy. \u201cMoreover, our computer model might prove helpful in studying the effects of these treatment options and in predicting their outcome.\u201d<\/p>\n


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DZNE<\/a><\/div>\n
Connectivity Problems<\/a><\/div>\n
atrophy<\/a><\/div>\n
neurodegenerative diseases<\/a><\/div>\n
hyper-excitable<\/a><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n